Loretta said her approach relies on two surprisingly simple tools: the Five Whys and a strong research brief.
The challenge, she explained, is that respondents and stakeholders often describe what they want rather than what they actually need. That gap can lead teams toward the wrong project, the wrong deliverable, or a solution that answers the wrong question. For example, instead of inventing a cell phone, people will ask for a longer telephone cord.
That is where the Five Whys comes in. The Five Whys technique was developed by Sakichi Toyoda, founder of Toyota Industries, in the 1930s, and it can be applied to many areas of life, including marketing research.
She pairs that technique with another question she regularly asks stakeholders and students: “What does winning look like?” That question, she said, often changes the conversation. It pushes teams to define success more clearly, exposes competing priorities in the room, and reveals the emotional or political tensions shaping the research request.
Loretta shared one example from a packaging study involving multiple design options, extensive testing, and a large sample of respondents. The research was rigorous. It included advanced quantitative methods and delivered a traditional report filled with performance scores and metrics.
But when she reviewed the output, something still felt incomplete. The report gave stakeholders what they had asked for, but not what they truly needed. So, Loretta went back to the brief and re-examined the real definition of success. There, she found the hidden story: two stakeholder groups were measuring “winning” in very different ways.
One group, the designers, cared most about beauty and display value. The other group, the business team, cared most about willingness to pay and commercial performance.
As Loretta described it, “There were the designers who had designed this product, and for them, their number one thing was it has to look beautiful… There was a second group of people [who] said, ‘This has to make money… People need to be willing to pay more for this.’ That’s the tension. That’s the rub. That’s where the conflict is.”
That conflict became the story. Rather than presenting stakeholders with a flat wall of numbers, Loretta reorganized the findings around the two competing definitions of success: beauty and willingness to pay. She created a simple two-by-two framework to show which concepts scored highest on each dimension, then used that framework to guide the discussion in the room. By turning the results into a narrative about stakeholder tension and tradeoffs, she made the findings easier to engage with and easier to act on.
The conversation also turned to AI, which Loretta said she actively uses in her own work. She noted that AI helps her brainstorm, organize information, and accelerate synthesis. “You can still use AI to help you think smarter,” she said.
But she also drew a sharp line between assistance and judgment. Loretta pointed to the subtle human work of noticing tension, interpreting silence, spotting outliers, and sensing when an answer is technically correct but emotionally flat. “AI can’t tell you that. AI can’t connect the dots,” she said. Her experience suggests that the best results come when researchers bring context, curiosity, and lived understanding to the process, then use AI to extend their thinking rather than replace it. Without that human layer, she warned, the result can sound polished but feel empty.
For marketers navigating an increasingly automated landscape, Loretta’s advice goes back to fundamentals. The differentiator, she suggests, is not just technical fluency. It’s the ability to keep probing, keep listening, and keep challenging the first obvious answer.
As she summed it up, “It’s the ability to keep asking questions.” That mindset may be the real dividing line between surface-level reporting and insight that changes decisions.
In a world full of dashboards, summaries, and AI-generated analysis, Loretta makes a compelling case for a more human kind of research. The best marketers, she suggested, do not stop at what the numbers say. They keep going until they find the meaning underneath.